ଅନୁବାଦର ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ତଥ୍ୟ

Anubaadara gurutwa puurnn tathy

ଭାଷାକୁ ଦେଶ ସହିତ ଓ ଦେଶକୁ ବିଶ୍ୱ ସହିତ ସଂଯୋଗ କରିବାର ଏକମାତ୍ର ଅବଲମ୍ବନ ହେଉଛି ଅନୁବାଦ। ଭାଷା ସାହିତ୍ୟର ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ବିଭାଗ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ଏହା ସର୍ବ ଶ୍ରେଷ୍ଠ। ଏହାକୁ ଏକ ସ୍ୱତନ୍ତ୍ର ବିଭାଗ ବୋଲି ବିଚାର କରିବା ଅନାବଶ୍ୟକ। ଏହାର ଆବଶ୍ୟକତା ଯୁଗେ ଯୁଗେ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଭାଷାସାହିତ୍ୟ ପାଇଁ ରହି ଆସିଛି ଏବଂ ରହିବ ମଧ୍ୟ। ଆଜିର ବିଶ୍ୱୀକରଣ କାଳରେ ଅନୁବାଦର ଆବଶ୍ୟକତା ଅଧିକ ଅନୁଭୂତ ହେଉଛି।

ପ୍ରଥମତଃ, ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଭାଷାସାହିତ୍ୟ ମୂଳ ଭାଷାରୁ ଶକ୍ତି ଓ ସାମର୍ଥ୍ୟ ଆହରଣ କରିଥାଏ, ଯେପରି ସଂସ୍କୃତରୁ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଭାରତୀୟ ଭାଷା ଓ ଲାଟିନ୍‌ରୁ ଇଂରାଜୀ ସମେତ ୟୁରୋପୀୟ ଭାଷାସମୂହ ଏ ଶକ୍ତି ସବୁ କେବଳ ଅନୁବାଦ ଜରିଆରେ ପ୍ରାପ୍ତ ହୋଇଛି।

ଦ୍ୱୀତୀୟତଃ, ଅନୁବାଦ ଦ୍ୱାରା କେବଳ ଭାଷା ନୁହେଁ, ସାମାଜିକ ଜୀବନ, ସଂସ୍କୃତି ଓ ରାଜନୈତିକ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ଏହାର ଆବଶ୍ୟକତା ସମସ୍ତେ ହୃଦୟଙ୍ଗମ କରନ୍ତି।

ଭାରତ ଭଳି ଗୋଟିଏ ବହୁଭାଷୀ ଦେଶରେ କେବଳ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଭାଷାମାନଙ୍କର ଆଦାନପ୍ରଦାନ ଦ୍ୱାରା ହିଁ ଭାରତୀୟ ସାହିତ୍ୟର ପ୍ରକୃତ ରୂପ ବିକଶିତ ହୋଇପାରିବ ଏବଂ ଜାତୀୟ ସଂହତି ସ୍ଥାପିତ କରାଯାଇ ପାରିବ। ବିଶ୍ୱ ସାହିତ୍ୟ ପାଇଁ ମଧ୍ୟ ଏହା ପ୍ରଯୁଜ୍ୟ। ଲାଟିନ୍‌ ଭାଷାକୁ ଆମୂଳଚୂଳ ଅନୁବାଦ କରି ଏକଦା ଇଂରାଜୀ ସାହିତ୍ୟ କେବଳ ସୁସ୍ଥତାତା ଲାଭ କଲା ନାହିଁ; ଏହା ପରିପୁଷ୍ଟ ହୋଇ ଅମରତ୍ୱ ମଧ୍ୟ ହାସଲ କରିନେଲା। କୌଣସି ଭାଷା ମାଧ୍ୟମରେ ହିଁ ଅନୁବାଦ ସାହିତ୍ୟ ଗୋଟିଏ ପ୍ରାନ୍ତୀୟ ଭାଷାରେ ଅନୂଦିତ ହୁଏ ଆଉ ବିଶ୍ୱର କେଉଁ ଗୋଟିଏ ଗାଁ ମାଟିର ମଣିଷଟି ତା’ କଥିତ ଭାଷାରେ ଆମୋଦିତ ହୁଏ ଏହାହିଁ ତ ‘ବିଶ୍ୱ’ର ପରିକଳ୍ପନା ସାକାର ହୋଇଥିବାର ଗୋଟିଏ ବଡ଼ ପ୍ରମାଣ।

ଅନୁବାଦର ପ୍ରକାର:-

ଅନୁବାଦ ମୁଖ୍ୟତ କରିବା ପାଇଁ କେତେକ ବିଶେଷରେ ଦୃଷ୍ଠି ଦେବାକୁ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ, ଯଥା-

ପ୍ରଥମତଃ ଅନୁବାଦ ମୌଖିକ ଏବଂ ଲିଖିତ, ମିଶ୍ରିତ ବା Computer/Machine ଦ୍ୱାରା ଅନୁବାଦିତ ହୁଏ। ତେଣୁ ଅନୁବାଦ କରିବା ସମୟରେ ବିଷୟ ପ୍ରତି ଧ୍ୟାନ ଦେବାକୁ ହୁଏ।

•             ପ୍ରଶାସନିକ ଅନୁବାଦ

•             ବାନିଜ୍ୟିକ ଅନୁବାଦ

•             Computer ଅନୁବାଦ

•             ଅର୍ଥନୈତିକ ଅନୁବାଦ

•             ଆର୍ଥିକ ଅନୁବାଦ

•             ସାଧାରଣ ଅନୁବାଦ

•             ଆଇନ ଅନୁବାଦ

•             ଆକ୍ଷରିକ ଅନୁବାଦ

•             ଔଷଧିକ ଅନୁବାଦ

•             ପ୍ରଯୁକ୍ତିଗତ ଅନୁବାଦ

ପଦକ୍ଷେପ:-

ଓଡ଼ିଶା ସାହିତ୍ୟର ପ୍ରଗତି ଦିଗରେ କିଛି ପଦକ୍ଷେପ ନେଇଛନ୍ତି, ଏକବିଂଶ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀରେ ବିଶ୍ୱବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ ମାନଙ୍କରେ ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଭାଷା ଉନ୍ନତି ପାଇଁ ଖୋଲା ଯାଇଛି “ଭାଷା କେନ୍ଦ୍ର ବା Language Center”, ଏହା ଖୋଲିବା ପରଠାରୁ କେତେକାଂଶରେ ଓଡ଼ିଆ ସାହିତ୍ୟରେ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ର ପ୍ରବେଶ କରିବା ସହିତ ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଛାତ୍ରଛାତ୍ରୀ ମାନଙ୍କର ଏହି ଆଧୁନିକ ସମାଜରେ ଅନ୍ୟ ଛାତ୍ରଛାତ୍ରୀଙ୍କ ନିକଟରେ ଠିଆ ହେବା ପାଇଁ ପଥଟିଏ ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରିଛି। ଏହି ବିଭାଗ ଦ୍ୱାରା ସ୍ନାତକ ଏବଂ ସ୍ନାତକୋତ୍ତରର ଛାତ୍ରଛାତ୍ରୀମାନଙ୍କର ପାଠସୂଚିରେ ଅନୁବାଦ ନାମକ ଏକ ପାଠ ଯୋଗ କରାଯାଇଛି। ଯାହା ଦ୍ୱାରା ଛାତ୍ରଛାତ୍ରୀମାନେ ଅନୁବାଦ ଜଗତରେ ଏକ ନୂତନ ସ୍ଥାନ ପାଇଛି ଏବଂ ଏହି ଉଦ୍ୟାମ ଦ୍ୱାରା ଓଡ଼ିଶା ଅନୁବାଦ ବା ଅନ୍ୟ ସାହିତ୍ୟକୁ ଓଡ଼ିଆରେ ଅନୁବାଦ କରି ପଡ଼ୋଶୀ ରାଜ୍ୟ ବା ଦେଶର ସାହିତ୍ୟରେ ପ୍ରବେଶ ଲାଗ କରେବାରେ ଛାତ୍ରଛାତ୍ରୀମାନଙ୍କ ଠାରୁ ଶିକ୍ଷକ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଏକ ଉଦ୍ୟାମ କରୁଛନ୍ତି। ସେହି ଏକ କ୍ଷୁଦ୍ର ଚେଷ୍ଠା ଯାହା ଦିନେ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇଥିଲା, ତାହା ଏବେ ଆମର ବୃହତ୍ତର ସ୍ୱାର୍ଥକୁ ଉଜ୍ଜୀବିତ କରିବା ସହିତ ଅଧିକରୁ ଅଧିକ ଓଡ଼ିଆ ସାହିତ୍ୟିକଙ୍କୁ ଅନୁବାଦ କର୍ମରେ ଆଗ୍ରହୀ କରାଇ ପାରିଛି।

ଅନୁବାଦ କରିବା ସମୟରେ ବିଶେଷ ଦୃଷ୍ଟି:-

୧-ବିଷୟ ଅନୁସାରେ ଅନୁବାଦ।

୨-ବିଶେଷ ଭାବରେ ଅନୁବାଦ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ଦିଆଯାଇ ଥିବା ସୂଚନାକୁ ପଡ଼ିବା।

୩-ଅନୁବାଦ କରିବା ସମୟରେ ବିଶେଷ ଭାବରେ Glossary ପ୍ରତି ଧ୍ୟାନ ଦେବା ଆବଶ୍ୟକ।

ଉଦାହରଣ:-

Source	Target	Importance of Glossary usage
Capturing failed	କ୍ୟାପଚର୍ ବିଫଳ	Capture - ଉଠାନ୍ତୁ
PDF Reader	PDF  ରିଡର	Reader - ପାଠକ

ଏହି ପରିସ୍ଥିରେ ଅନୁବାଦକଙ୍କୁ ଧ୍ୟାନ ଦେବାକୁ ହେବ ଯେ Glossary ରେ ଶବ୍ଦ କ’ଣ ଦିଆଯାଇଛି। ଏହା ପରେ Glossary ରେ ଦିଆଯାଇ ଥିବା ଶବ୍ଦ ଅନୁସାରେ ଅନୁବାଦ କରାଯିବା ଆବଶ୍ୟକ। ଏହ କରାଗଲେ ଅନୁବାଦର Quality ଭଲ ହେବ। କିନ୍ତୁ କିଛି କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ Glossary ରେ ଦିଆଯାଇଥିବା ଶବ୍ଦକୁ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିପାରିବା ନାହିଁ କାରଣ ବାକ୍ୟ ଅନୁସାରେ ସଠିକ ଶବ୍ଦର ପ୍ରୟୋଗ ନହେଲେ ବାକ୍ୟ ସଠିକ ଅର୍ଥର ଲୋପ ଘଟିବ।

অসমীয়া আৰু বাংলা ভাষাৰ মাজৰ সম্পৰ্ক

Relationship between Assamese and Bengali Language

অসমীয়া ভাষা হৈছে পূৰ্বভাৰতীয়-আৰ্য ভাষা৷এই ভাষা প্ৰধানকৈ উত্তৰ-পূব ভাৰতৰ অসমত কোৱা হয়৷ অসমৰ ৰাজ্যিক ভাষা হ’ল অসমীয়া৷ অসমৰ বাহিৰেও পূৰ্বোত্তৰৰ অন্য ৰাজ্যসমূহতো অসমীয়া ভাষা ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা দেখা যায়যেনে-অৰুণাচলপ্ৰদেশ, মেঘালয় ,নাগালেণ্ড৷তাৰোপৰি দাঁতিকাষৰীয়া ভূটান, বাংলাদেশ আৰু ম্যানমাৰৰ দৰে দেশতো অসমীয়া ভাষা ব্যৱহৃত হয়৷ নাগালেণ্ডত অসমীয়া মিশ্ৰিত নাগামীজ ভাষা কোৱা হয়৷অসমীয়া ভাষাৰ এক সমৃদ্ধ সাহিত্য আৰু সংস্কৃতি আছে৷ গোটেই বিশ্বজুৰি কমেও তিনি কোটি মানুহে এই ভাষা ব্যৱ্হাৰ কৰে৷

বাংলা ভাষাও এটা সমৃদ্ধ ভাষা৷ 1836 চনৰ পৰা 1882 চনলৈ অসমৰ ৰাজ্যিক ভাষা বাংলা আছিল৷ বৰ্তমান বাংলাভাষা পশ্চিমবংগ, ত্ৰিপুৰা আৰু বাংলাদেশৰ মুখ্য ভাষা৷ বিশ্বতপ্ৰায় 20 কোটি মানুহে এই ভাষা ব্যৱ্হাৰ কৰে৷ বিশ্বৰ কথিত ভাষাসমূহৰ ভিতৰত ইয়াৰ স্থান পঞ্চম৷ ভাৰতত ইয়াৰ স্থান দ্বিতীয়৷

ভাৰতবৰ্ষ এনেকুৱা এখন ৰাষ্ট্ৰ য’ত বিভিন্ন ভাষা, বিভিন্ন জাতি আৰু বিভিন্ন ধৰ্মৰ লোক বাস কৰে৷ এই ভাষাবোৰ বিভিন্ন ভাষা-গোষ্ঠীৰ অন্তৰ্গত৷ ভাৰতত পাঁচ প্ৰকাৰৰ ভাষা-গোষ্ঠী আছে সেইবোৰ হ’ল আৰ্য্য, দ্ৰাবিড় অষ্ট্ৰ-এছিয়াটিক আৰু চীন-তিব্বতীয় ভাষা গোষ্ঠী৷ আৰ্য্য ভাষা ভাৰতত প্ৰচলিত সকলোতকৈ ডাঙৰ ভাষা গোষ্ঠী৷ এই ভাষাৰ অন্তৰ্গত ভাষাবোৰ হ’ল-হিন্দী, অসমীয়া, বাংলা, মাৰাঠী, গুজৰাটি, পাঞ্জাৱী, উড়িয়া, উৰ্দু, নেপালী আদি৷ দ্বিতীয়তে, দ্ৰাবিড় ভাষাগোষ্ঠী৷ এই ভাষা বিশেষকৈ দক্ষিণ ভাৰতত ব্যৱ্হাৰ কৰা হয়৷ইয়াৰ অন্তৰ্গত ভাষাবোৰ হ’ল-তামিল, তেলেগু, মালায়ালম, কানাড়া আদি৷ সিংহলী, কুৰমালি, চাৱৰা আদি অষ্ট্ৰ-এছিয়াটিক ভাষাগোষ্ঠীৰ অন্তৰ্গত৷ মূখ্যৰূপে এই ভাষা ঝাৰখণ্ড, উৰিষ্যা, পশ্চিম-বংগআৰু অসমৰ কোনো কোনো স্থানত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়৷চীন-তিব্বতীয় ভাষাগোষ্ঠীৰ অন্তৰ্গত ভাষাবোৰ হ’ল- নগা, মিজো, মণিপুৰি, খাছী, দফলা, তাংগখূল, আও আদি৷ এই ভাষা বিশেষকৈ উত্তৰ-পূৰ্বাঞ্চলৰ ৰাজ্য সমূহত কোৱা হয়৷ভাৰতত চীন-তিব্বতীয় ভাষা গোষ্ঠীয়েই সকলোতকৈ সৰু ভাষা গোষ্ঠী৷ইয়াৰোপৰি ভাৰতত ইণ্ডো ইউৰোপীয় ভাষাগোষ্ঠীৰো প্ৰচলন আছিল৷ বৰ্তমান ভাৰতত প্ৰচলিত ভাষাসমূহৰ ভিতৰত কেৱল অসমীয়া ভাষাতহে এই ভাষাগোষ্ঠীৰ অনূদান দেখা যায়৷

উপৰোক্ত চৰ্চাৰ পৰা দেখা যায় যে অসমীয়া আৰু বাংলা এই দুয়োটা একে ভাষা গোষ্ঠীৰ সদস্য৷ গতিকে এই দুয়োটা ভাষাৰ মাজত বহুতো মিল আছে৷ এই দুয়োটা ভাষা সংস্কৃত ভাষাৰ পৰা সমান্তৰালভাৱে উত্পত্তি হৈছে৷ এই দুয়োটা ভাষাৰ বৰ্ণসংখ্যা প্ৰায় সমান৷ এই দুয়োটা ভাষাৰ বৰ্ণবোৰ দেখাতো প্ৰায় একে৷ কেৱ্ল অসমীয়া ভাষাৰ বৰ্ণ ‘ৰ’ বাংলা ভাষাত বেলেগ ধৰণে লিখা হয়৷ ইয়াৰ উপৰিও অসমীয়া ভাষাৰ ‘ৱ'বাংলাত নাই৷ এই দুয়োটা ভাষা সংস্কৃতৰ পৰা উত্পত্তি হ’লেও ইয়াৰ শব্দসমূহৰ অৰ্থ সম্পূৰ্ণ বেলেগ হয়৷ উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে অসমীয়া শব্দ যেনে-জুইআৰু পানী৷ বাংলাত এই দুটা শব্দৰ অৰ্থ হ’ল-আগুন আৰু জল৷ অসমীয়া আৰু বাংলা ভাষাৰ ব্যাকৰণতো ব্যতিক্ৰম দেখা যায়৷তাৰোপৰি অসমীয়া ভাষাত নকাৰাত্মকবোধৰ বাবে বিভিন্ন ধাতুৰ প্ৰয়োগ কৰা হয়৷কিন্তু বাংলা ভাষাত নকাৰাত্মক কোনো ধাতুৰ প্ৰয়োগ নহয়৷ অসমীয়া ভাষাত নিশ্চিয়তা বুজাবলৈ টো, জন, জনী, ডাল, খন, জোপা আদি প্ৰত্যয় প্ৰয়োগ কৰা হয় কিন্তু বাংলা ভাষাত ইয়াৰ কোনো সমতুল্য প্ৰত্যয় পোৱা নাযায়৷ অসমীয়া ভাষাৰ উচ্চাৰণ বাংলা ভাষাতকৈ ভিন্ন হয়৷ অসমীয়া ভাষাৰ স্বৰবৰ্ণৰ উচ্চাৰণ বাংলা ভাষাৰ উচ্চাৰণতকৈ ভিন্ন হয়৷

অসমীয়া আৰু বাংলা দুয়োটা ভাষাৰেই বৃহত্ সাহিত্য ভাণ্ডাৰ আছে৷ আজি আমি অনুবাদৰ মাধ্যমেৰে এই দুয়োটা ভাষাৰ সাহিত্যক জানিব পাৰিছো৷ সেয়েহে অনুবাদক আমি সেতু আখ্যা দিব পাৰো৷

অসমৰ সাহিত্য-সংস্কৃতিত মিশ্ৰিত ভাৱধাৰা দেখা যায়৷ ইয়াৰ প্ৰভাৱ ভাষাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰতো দেখা যায়৷ অসমীয়া ভাষাত বাংলা ভাষাৰ শব্দ আৰু বাংলা ভাষাত অসমীয়া ভাষাৰ বিভিন্ন শব্দৰ প্ৰয়োগ দেখা যায়৷ ইয়াৰ কাৰণ হৈছে এই দুয়োটা একে ভাষাগোষ্ঠীৰ অংগ৷

শেষত, বিভিন্ন ভাষাৰ মাজত যিমানেই পাৰ্থক্য নাথাকক কিয় ভাষাৰ উদ্দেশ্য হ’ল শুদ্ধভাৱে আৰু সহজভাৱে কৰা সম্ভাষণ৷ অসমীয়া আৰু বাংলা দুয়োটা ভাষায়েই সহজ আৰু সৰল যাৰ কাৰণে ইয়াক সহজে বুজিব পাৰি৷ তাৰোপৰি এই দুয়োটা ভাষা একেবাৰে নিকট সম্পৰ্কীয় ভাষা৷ নিজৰ-নিজৰ স্থানত অসমীয়া আৰু বাংলা দুয়োটা ভাষাই বিশেষ আসন দখল কৰিছে৷

বৰ্তমান সোম্যা ট্ৰান্সলেটৰ প্ৰাইভেট লিমিটেডত(দিল্লী)কোম্পানীত অসমীয়া ভাষাৰ পৰিযোজনা সমন্বয়ক ৰূপে কাৰ্য্যৰত। অসমীয়া ভাষাত অনুবাদ, লেখন, সম্পাদন, সমীক্ষা আদি কাৰ্য্য কৰে।                                             

हिंदी से असमिया अनुवाद के लिए प्रभावी सुझाव

(An effective remedy for Hindi to Assamese Translation)

असमिया भाषा का संक्षिप्त परिचय: 

    असम भारत के पूर्व प्रांत में अवस्थित है। सात बहनों के राज्यों में से यह एक प्रमुख राज्य है। असम की भाषा को असमी, असमिया, आसामी कहा जाता है। इस भाषा का संबंध आर्य भाषा परिवार से है। इसलिए इसका संबंध बांग्ला, मैथिली, उडि़या, और नेपाली से निकट का है।

    असमिया भाषा के शब्द समूह में संस्कृगत, तद्भव तथा देशज के अतिरिक्ति विदेशी भाषाओं के शब्द  भी मिलते हैं। सामान्यत: इस भाषा में तद्भव शब्दों  की ही प्रधानता है। 

प्रथम असमिया अनुवाद:
    सन 1819 ई. में अमरीकी बेप्टिस्ट पादरियों द्वारा प्रकाशित असमिया गद्य में बाईबिल के अनुवाद से असमिया अनुवाद का इतिहास तथा असमिया साहित्य  के आधुनिक काल का आरंभ माना जाता है। आगे चलकर सन 1846 ई. में इन्ही पादरियों द्वारा प्रथम असमिया पत्रिका “अरुणोदय” नामक एक मासिक पत्रिका प्रकाशित किया गया। इसके संपादक डॉ. नाथन ब्राउन थे। यह असमिया जन-जीवन के लिए “ज्ञान-सूर्य” का काम किया। इसी पत्रिका के प्रथम अंक में जान बुलियन के “पिलग्रिम प्रोग्रेस” नामक अंग्रेजी उपन्यास का असमिया अनुवाद “जात्रिकर जात्रा” (यात्री की यात्रा) प्रकाशित हुआ। इस प्रकार इस पत्रिका में विभिन्न भारतीय भाषाओं (विशेषकर अंग्रेजी, बांग्ला आदि) से अनूदित साहित्य  को महत्व देते हुए छपते थे। काल-क्रमानुसार इसी के अनुकरण पर अनेक अनूदित साहित्य, पत्रिका और अनुवादक के जन्म  हुए हैं।

असमिया अनुवादक के लिए कुछ प्रभावी सुझाव: 

    सन 1819 ई. से अब तक के समय सीमा के अदंर असमिया साहित्य और असमिया अनुवादक अनेक समस्याओं से गुजर चुके हैं। इसका कारण है सभी भाषाएं अपनी-अपनी प्रकृति तथा विशेषताओं के साथ प्रवाहित है। आप जानते है कि “भाषा बहता नीर है”। इस दिशा में अनुवादक को ऐसा होना चाहिए कि वह बिलकुल निष्पिक्ष/निरपेक्ष होकर लक्ष्य” भाषा की प्रकृति के अनुसार अनुवाद करें। निम्नलिखित रूप में असमिया अनुवादक के लिए कुछ महत्वपूर्ण सुझाव हैं-

1.    अनुवादक को अनुवाद कार्य शुरू करने से पहले हिंदी के मूल-पाठ को कम से कम एकबार अच्छी तरह पढ़कर कथन-सार तथा शैली का अंदाजा लगा लेना चाहिए।

2.    पाठकवर्ग को पहचानकर अनुवाद करना चाहिए। हिंदी पूरे भारतवर्ष की भाषा है और असमिया एक क्षेत्रीय भाषा है। असमिया के अलावा असम में विभिन्न भाषा-भाषी (बोड़ो, कार्बी, मिचिंग, डिमाचा और अन्यह) के लोग निवास करते हैं। इसलिए असमिया भाषा-संस्कृीति के अनुसार अनुवाद होना चाहिए ताकि सिर्फ आप नहीं आपके पड़ोसी भी इसे समझे।

3.    अनुवाद करते समय अनुवादक को लोकोक्तियों और मुहावरों को पहचानना बहुत आवश्यक हैं। इसलिए अनुवादक को असमिया भाषा के मौखिक और लिखित दोनों रूपों पर अच्छी  पकड़ होनी चाहिए।

4.    असमिया अनुवादक को क्षेत्रीय या आंचलिक लहजों/रूपों (नगांव की असमिया, जोरहाटिया असमिया, बरपेटीया असमिया, खरूपेटीया असमिया, ग्वालपरिया असमिया) से बचना चाहिए। जहां तक संभव हो सके भाषा को सामान्य मानक बोलचाल वाली भाषा के करीब रखने की कोशिश करनी चाहिए।

5.    स्रोत पाठों के विचारों, विषयों, धारणाओं को व्यक्त करने वाले पदों का भावानुवाद करना चाहिए, शब्दानुवाद नहीं। इनके लिए असमिया के ऐसे शब्दों या शब्दयुग्मों  का प्रयोग करना चाहिए जो पाठक को संबंधित विषय को सबसे बढि़या तरीके से समझा पाएं, आम रोजमर्रा जीवन से कोई समतुल्य विचार ढूंढ़ कर लेने से वह शबद सबसे बेहतर काम करेगा।

6.    असमिया अनुवाद में व्यवहार के लिए मूल विदेशी शब्दों के ग्रहण में इस बात का ध्यान रखना चाहिए कि उनका यथोचित बदलाव हो सके। इसके अतिरिक्त वह आम जनता द्वारा बोलने में आसान हो और उसे मौजूदा उपलब्ध अक्षरों/चिह्नों की मदद से लिखा जा सके। व्यक्तिगत सुविधा के लिए कभी भी नए अक्षर या चिह्न मत गढ़ें।

7.    अनावश्यक जटिलता से बचना चाहिए। कठिन शब्द के लिए शब्दकोश से आसान और प्रचलित शब्द  को ले लेना चाहिए। शब्‍द चुनने में कठिनाई आने पर जानकार व्यक्ति से पूछ लेना चाहिए। क्योंकि भिन्न अर्थ बताने वाले शब्द को ग्रहण करने पर आपका अनुवाद हास्यास्पोद बन सकता है।                

हिंदी अनुवाद की मांग और अनुवादक के बढ़ते कदम

Demands of Hindi Translation and Translators keep growing

‘अनुवाद’ संस्‍कृत का तत्‍सम शब्‍द है।प्राचीन भारत में शिक्षा-दीक्षा की मौखिक परंपरा के अनुसार गुरुजी जो कहते थे, शिष्‍य उसे दुहराते थे। उनदिनों गुरु की बात को दुहराने वाले को अनुवादक कहा जाता था।

आधुनिक साहित्य में अनुवाद शब्द के अर्थ का विकास या परिवर्तंन हो जाने के कारण प्राचीन अर्थ मान्य नहीं रह गया हैं। अब एक भाषा में लिखे या कहे हुए विषय को दूसरी भाषा में रूपांरित करना ‘अनुवाद’ कहा जाता है।

विभिन्‍न भाषाओं में अनुवाद:

‘अनुवाद’ विभिन्‍न भाषाओं के बीच का सेतु है। अंग्रेजी में इसको ‘ट्रांसलेशन’, फ्रैंस में ‘द्रुडुक्‍शन’, अरबी में ‘तर्जुमा’, तमिल में ‘मोळोपेयरपु’ और तेलुगु में ‘अनुवादमु’ तथा ‘तर्जुमा’ और कन्‍नड़ तथा मराठी में ‘अनुवाद’, पंजाबी में ‘उलथा’, ‘अनुवाद’, कश्‍मीरी में ‘तरजुमा’, सिंधी में ‘तर्जुमों’, ‘अनुवाद’ आदि कहा जाता है. इसी प्रकार मलयालम भाषा में अनुवाद के पर्याय के रूप में पोरुलितरिप्‍पू, भाषांतरं, पारिभाषिकं, अनुवादं और तर्ज्‍जमा प्रचलित हैं।

अनुवाद की परिभाषा:

दरअसल, ‘अनुवाद’ शब्‍द का संबंध ‘वद’ धातु से है, जिसका अर्थ है ‘बोलना’ या ‘कहना’। अनुवाद+वाद=अनुवाद= पुन:कथन/किसी के कहने के बादकहना। अनुवाद के संबंध में नायडो, कैटफोर्ट, फरस्‍टोन, भोलानाथ तिवारी आदि विद्वानों ने अनेक परिभाषाएं दी है।

“स्रोत-भाषा में प्रसतुत रचना और लक्ष्‍य-भाषा में प्रस्‍तावित रचना के मध्‍य निकटतम, सहज समतुल्‍यता की स्थापना ही अनुवाद है।”

हिंदी अनुवादक (Hindi Translators)

This group does not have a welcome message.

14 14  ाि        
14 सितंबर, 1949 को हिंदी भाषा को राजभाषा के रूप में स्‍वीकृत होने के बाद ही हिंदी अनुवादक की मांग बढ़ गयी है। यह मांग दरअसल हिंदी के प्रचार-प्रसार के लिए है। हिंदी अनुवादक मात्र हिंदी अनुवाद का काम करते हैं। हिंदी को विश्‍व की सभी भाषाओं की तरह महत्व दिलाने के लिए अनेक देशों के हिंदी अनुवादक संघर्षरत हैं। इस संघर्ष में हिंदी अनुवादक अपनी भूमिका निभाने के लिए प्रतिबद्ध है।

हिंदी की प्रगति के लिए हमें मिल-जुलकर प्रयत्‍न करना होगा। मानक हिंदी, व्याकरण आदि से संबंधित ऐसे अनेक प्रश्‍न हैं जिन पर विचार-विमर्श करना आवश्यक है। भाषा गतिशील होती है। व्याकरण भी समय के साथ बदलता है। आज इंटरनेट के माध्यम से अपने विचार दूसरों तक पहुँचाना बहुत आसान हो गया है। आशा है कि इस समूह के सदस्य भाषा के संदर्भ में यथास्थितिवाद का विरोध करते हुए संवाद और विचार-विमर्श की प्रक्रिया को आगे बढ़ाने में हिंदी अनुवादक महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाएँगे।

हिंदी अनुवाद सेवाएं:

          विश्‍व भर में अनेक कंपनियांअंग्रेज़ी से हिंदी व हिंदी से अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद सेवाएँ उपलब्ध कराती है।इनके द्वारा किया गया हिंदी अनुवाद पेशेवर स्तर का होता है और ये ग्राहकों की विशेष आवश्यकताओं को पूरा करने की गारंटी लेते हैं।उचित कीमत पर ये हमें सर्वोत्तम हिंदी अनुवाद सेवाओं का अनुभव प्रदान करते हैं।अनेक हिंदी अनुवादकों को हिंदी भाषा में विशेषज्ञता प्राप्त है।क्योंकि हिंदी हमारी राजभाषा है, अत: ये विशेष रूप से हिंदी भाषी की प्रन्‍नोती हेतु हिंदी अनुवाद कार्य कराने में प्रतिज्ञाबद्ध है। ये समयसीमा को ध्यान रखेते हुए उत्‍कृष्‍ठ हिंदी अनुवाद संवाएं प्रदान करते है।

अंग्रेजी-हिंदी के अनुवादक:

        अनुवाद एक चुनौपूर्ण काम है। इसदौर से सभी भाषाओं के अनुवादक को गुजरना होता है।अनुवाद कार्य में प्रवृत्‍त होने के पूर्व अनुवादक को स्रोत भाषा और लक्ष्‍य भाषा का पर्याप्‍त ज्ञान होना चाहिए। अन्‍य भारतीय भाषाओं के मुकाबले अंग्रेजी-हिंदी में अनुवाद कार्य में बहुत अधिक सतर्क रहना पड़ता है। क्‍योंकि अंग्रेजी एवं हिंदी के संरचना ढांचे पर्याप्‍त भिन्‍न है। एक ही उत्‍स से निकली स्रोत और लक्ष्‍य भाषा की संरचना लगभग एक जैसा ही है; जैसे हिंदी-पंजाबी, हिंदी-उर्दू, मराठी-गुजराती आदि की।

निष्‍कर्ष:

अनुवाद-कर्म राष्ट्र सेवा का कर्म है। यह अनुवादक ही कर सकता है जो दो संस्कृतियों, राज्यों, देशों एवं विचारधाराओं के बीच ‘सेतु’ का काम करता है।

Bengali Translation combines business with People

Translation is not an easy task. Only experienced and expert translators can execute your work properly. One must be aware of colloquial style of the language. The translator must understand the difference between ‘Sudhho Bhasha’ and ‘Cholit Bhasha’.  Because of this experienced Bengali translators are always on demand and earn handsome amount of money. Translators work as freelancers or join a translation agency.

Are you thinking to launch a new product in eastern India? Then you should prepare the product manual in Bengali to reach maximum number of customers. For that, you need quality Bengali translation. And that’s why the demand of translation services is increasing with globalization.

Bengali belongs to Indo-Aryan language group. Bengali is the official language of Bangladesh and one of the 23 regional languages recognized by India. It is also the official language of Indian states West Bengal and Tripura. Bengali is the sixth most spoken language of the world. In India, Bengali is second most spoken language only after Hindi. According to UNESCO, Bengali is the sweetest language of the world.

Bengali language is widely used in schools, colleges, offices in Kolkata, the economic center of Eastern India and in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. The knowledge of Bengali can help you to increase your product market share or to execute business deals effectively. Kolkata is a major hub for industries like engineering, banking, IT, leather, shipping, Jute. So quality Bengali translation is needed in almost every industry. Many MNC companies are opening their offices or launching their products in eastern India. To capture the rural market they are taking help of English to Bengali translations. Even for machine installation we need translation services.

Bengali literature is indeed very rich. There are so many Bengali writers famous for their novels, poems, dramas and short stories all over the world. So there is constant demand of Bengali literature translation. Bengali poet "Rabindranath Tagore" became the first non-European to win the Nobel Prize for Literature. His poems were translated from Bengali into many languages.

An expert translator must have some domain knowledge about the subject he/she is translating. Translation does not mean word by word conversation. One must understand the meaning of the concerned text. In literature translation, the understanding of inner meaning of poems or novels plays a vital role. Without understanding the literature one can’t translate the text appropriately. That’s why translation agencies only prefer native translators to execute the task.

Difficulty with Middle Eastern Languages during Desktop Publishing

Working with Middle Eastern Languages is like you are watching the reflection of English Language on your desktop. It’s listing style, numeric style, and paragraph alignment is completely different. Here in this post we are going to explain about the difficulty working with Middle Eastern Languages.

Working with ID Format

Right to left languages always aligned from right. But if your source file have a justified paragraph then you need to do it same in the translated document. For that you have to work with ME versions or you need to work with In.tools Plug-in. It’s word ready composer can help you to typeset your document.

 

Working with CDR Format

If your source file is in CDR Format and you want to translate and publish it in Arabic, Farsi, or any Middle Eastern Language, it is a tough job. For that you need to use different software, InPage. Most of the graphic designers and type-setters use this to type ME Languages and for typography options.You need to copy your text in InPage then need to export with EPS and after that you can import in CDR.

 

Detaching and Attaching Farsi Alphabets

Working with Farsi is not different from other ME Languages. But while pasting the text from Word to InDesign, you can face a problem. Some alphabets attached after pasting. And if you are non-language DTPer, than you will not find this problem. To be safe from these risks you need to handle your work to a language specialist or language Translation Services provider.

We hope this post will help you to find a better option to get done your work. There are more difficulties, we will discuss in future. If you have something to share it in the comment option. Your experience can help to find to better option to deal with these languages. Desktop publishing, a technological publishing method of educational series of products designed to operate in a teacher-led classroom etc..

Korean a Language Barrier Solution

Did you feel helpless in your last trip in Korea because of language barrier? Never mind, pack up your all essentials for your next trip and make it more exciting and meaningful with English to Korean translation. Hurry up! Don’t think twice otherwise you would end up losing your big opportunity!

English to Korean translation would definitely add extra flavour to your holidays no matter of the country you belong, how long distance you came across.

Korean is the major language spoken in North and South Korea; it is also an official language of both the countries. Apart from these, countries like People’s Republic of China Yanbian and People’s Republic of China also use it as their official language. The number of people speaking Korean is 78 million worldwide.

North and South Korea are located in Asia and these two developed countries can be considered as one of the business centres of Asia. English to Korean translation has become an essential requirement for everyone be it businessperson, tourists or any kind of travelers. The significance of this language can be felt not only in those countries but also in other countries like India, USA, France and UK.

It is because Korean people travelling to these countries are not well acquainted with other cultures and languages. They need full English to Korean translation or interpretation of foreign language into their mother tongue by well experienced, skilful and competent English to Korean translators, to make them feel comfortable and their travelling money worthy.

Globalization and liberalization are the two significant factors that truly changed the entire scenario of the global market. It led to the creation of stiff competition among the people, their businesses and companies which can be taken as an agent helping out the Korean translation. These are the main characteristics of today’s business world as invited by liberalization by removing the entire trade barriers that earlier existed like licensing, export and import duties, taxes etc.

In order to survive in that kind of business world people need to resort to various business tactics to remain ahead of each other. Localization of language is one of them. Tours, travelling and interaction are common features of today’s business life. Dependence on Korean translators and interpreters has become an important key.

Hence, the more these features increase, the more will be the necessity of language translation, which ultimately gave birth to the translation industry. This industry since coming into the sight hasn’t looked back. It also provided a great scope to English to Korean translators or interpreters.

Flemish- The New Language Destination for Translators

Are you willing to add extra fun in your holiday’s celebration in Belgium? If it’s true, then you have to understand and speak their language, which of course, is no more an issue with the availability of English to Flemish translation in all over the world.

Translate Flemish into English which is the variant or modified form of Dutch, usually spoken in Flanders of Belgium and in certain parts of the Netherland. Flemish actually has no official language status, as per the mentioning in Wikipedia, it is considered as the term for few groups of people speaking non-standardized dialects. Flemish is spreektaal, means it is not for written communication but for only oral communication.

However, despite the fact that Flemish has no use in writing, it gained more significance and popularity due to the intermingling of the cultures of different countries forced by widespread expansion of global market led by globalization and liberalization. Flemish translation emerged as a new demand in the market due to the localization taken as an instrument for business enlargement in which many Flemish translators are engaged in jobs. Localization of information by companies usually benefits them to promote their products and companies, conversing local people into potential customers.

Flemish translation usually targets Flemish speaking people that assist in the quest of new business opportunities particularly in those areas where this language is highly prevalent. The emergence of tourism industry also significantly contributed towards the increase of demand of Flemish. For simple illustration, Tourists visiting to Flanders from India, UK, USA and many other parts of the world, would require English to Flemish or Flemish to English translators for better understanding of their culture and language. The coming of translation industry as an area with possible business opportunities led to the strengthening of language translation. Today, hundreds of jobs are being created through this industry alone taking the burden off shouldered by Government to provide employments to today’s job seeking youths. Gone are the days when people used to ignore language learning, saying it had less scope of making it career.

Nowadays, the entire scenario has been changed; without knowledge of language no company can survive in this competitive world. For example, large number of Flemish visit to India for different purposes, that naturally grows the Indian tourism industry and translation industry as well. Flemish visitors usually prefer to have the translation services by English to Flemish translators that would surely provide them warmth. It is true to say that people interacting different people speaking their mother tongue usually adds flavour to their enjoyments which acts like icing on the cake.

The Indian Government is also pressing hard to promote language education, looking the infinite growth prospect of this industry and that can be observed by the fact that a number of language translation agencies have become actively operational in India. There are many Government recognized institutes or privately held universities that provide several foreign language courses including Flemish.

Please visit us at : www.somyatrans.com

Romanian-A language for one and all in Romania

Isn’t it nice to put your hardly earned money for lifetime memorable use after a long time? If you feel so, then the scenic beauty of landscape and cultural history of Romania is desperately waiting you. Nothing to bother about language problem; English to Romanian translation will take care of you in understanding every cultural detail, which is available in every corner of the world.

Romanian is an Indo-European language spoken in Romania, Republic of Moldova by majority of the people. However, minority of people speaking this language are found in countries like Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Macedonia, Russia, Serbia, Spain and Ukraine.

This language is officially used in Romania, Moldova, Vojvodina (Serbia) and European Union. Total number of people speaking this language as first chosen language is 24 million and number of people using Romanian as their second language is 4 million.

English to Romanian translation has become an integral part of today’s market developing techniques adopted by people. Romania, the country belonged to the category of developed countries usually has certain amount of dominance in the global market. Many countries are having business ties with Romania and its neighbouring countries since the inception of globalization and liberalization. These two processes have brought a drastic change to the global market. The removal of the trade tariffs and restriction led by liberalization gave birth to a new global market full of competitions from all around the world. Today no single company is there who has no competitors in the market; this change in the market is the outcome of liberalization making translation of languages a big necessity.

The necessity of language translation has increased as pushed by demand in an international market. The companies are thriving hard to enlarge their business network globally; it ensured the people from corporate world to resort to different tactics in order to keep pace with changing time and market scenario. Romanian translation and localization is being taken as a vital tool to make or form root connection with the local people which is a base for any business establishment.

The demand led emergence of translation and interpretation industry has changed the perception of the people towards the languages. Gone are the days when people used to ignore giving due importance to the languages. But all these things became past now.

Romanian translators have a countless number of opportunities; a large number of Romanian interpreters are engaged in various elite jobs. AS for example, many Romanian interpreters are hired by Governments required for every visit of delegates to Romania to translate or converse the talks into their language to avoid misunderstandings.
Looking the successful business graph of language translation industry, the Government is stressing hard to promote foreign language education. In India at Delhi, there are many Government recognized universities like Delhi University, Jawaharlal Nehru University and Jamia University which provide Romanian and other languages courses at more reasonable costs.

English to Arabic translation-Another economic source

Language has fully turned into a better way to build good rapport among people living outside by learning their language. The more you know languages, the more chances are with you to strengthen your relationship with those speaking that particular language.

Arabic language has provided a platform full of opportunities to people having sound knowledge and proficiency. This language is basically spoken in countries like Bahrain, Jordan, Morocco, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, United Arabs Emirates and Saudi Arabia. In many other countries this language is popularly used, more or less people are widely accepting Arabic expansion.

The main origin of Arabic language is considered to be from the language known as Proto-Semitic which resemble with the language spoken in many parts of Africa; the holy Quran of Islam also contributed preserving the original scripts of the language in written form. Today, words of Arabic origin can also be found in many of the European languages that show the strong dominance of Arabs during the medieval period in all over the Europe.

Nowadays, this Arabic language became one of the important foreign languages whose demand in the market soared like never before due to the increasing trade relation among the countries. With the globalization and liberalization introduced by the world trade organization taking the consensus of the countries these two processes came into existence with full force. It led to the removal of the various trade barriers and restrictions of the countries that brought every country under business umbrella tied with business string.

With the coming of translation industry into the global market the demand of Arabic translators gave an upward push to Arabic translation which became a big necessity since the inception of the globalization. All the Arabs countries are developed and rich in petroleum products. They have a strong dominance in the international market and act as an artery because no country wants to keep itself isolated from these Arabs countries as every country requires importing of petroleum products. Due to this several European countries are pressing for forming a trade relation; they are supplying a lot of Foreign Direct Investments to these countries. For any trade development into these countries the companies need to come into a good mutual understanding which again requires translation and interpretation of the communication into Arabic. People having good grasped of English and proficiency in Arabic can find themselves employed into English to Arabic translation industry.

These days Arabic translation has become a source of revenue generation for the Government which resulted in the formation of various measures and policies to further develop this industry.